1. Use the accelerator to control the engine speed. Some tractor drivers put the accelerator at the maximum position in order to improve the engine speed and operation speed, which is very unfavorable to the starting of tractors operating under light load. For example, for operations such as sowing, flat transportation, ploughing, irrigation and drainage, processing, etc., since the tractor cannot reach full load in the operation group of the unit, raising the accelerator at this time will increase fuel consumption and reduce economic benefits. When the engine runs at the highest speed, it will also accelerate the wear of all friction surfaces of the engine, so that the parts will be scrapped in advance. The correct use method is:
(1) Organize the tractor reasonably to make the tractor work at full load.
(2) When full load operation cannot be carried out, the gears shall be changed, such as high gear and low and medium throttle.
(3) If the above operation still fails to achieve the purpose, such as pumping, irrigation and processing, the rotation speed of the work tool can be increased by increasing the diameter of the pulley of the power output shaft, instead of using the method of large throttle.
2. Do not rotate the crankshaft before starting in spring, summer and autumn. In winter, the tractor driver should rotate the crankshaft for 10-20 revolutions before starting the tractor. In other seasons, it is not necessary to rotate the crankshaft. The reason for this is that in winter, the viscosity of engine oil is high and it is not easy to lubricate the friction surfaces of various parts of the engine. In high temperature seasons, the viscosity of engine oil is low and it is easy to make the lubricating oil reach all friction surfaces. This is a misunderstanding. On the contrary, after the locomotive has been parked overnight, the viscosity of the engine oil in warm seasons, especially in high-temperature summer, is lower than that in winter, and the engine oil on the journal surface is more likely to drain out by itself. Before starting, all friction surfaces are almost oil-free. When starting the engine, the crankshaft journal, bearing bush, piston ring and cylinder liner work in a semi dry state before the oil pump pumps the oil to each friction surface. According to the friction theory, this semi dry friction will increase the wear, so that these important parts will be scrapped early and the service life of the engine will be shortened. Therefore, before starting the engine, whether in winter or summer, it is correct to shake the crankshaft.
3. Thermostat is not installed in warm seasons. Some drivers think that the engine should be installed with thermostat in winter to improve the water temperature, while thermostat is not required in other seasons, which is also wrong. The purpose of installing a thermostat in the engine cooling system is to control the flow of cooling water to the front heater, so as to ensure that the temperature of cooling water quickly (generally within 3-5 minutes) reaches the appropriate working temperature of 80 ℃ ~ 90 ℃ under different loads of the engine, so as to reduce the wear of the engine, give full play to its power and economy, and extend its service life. Therefore, do not remove the thermostat in spring, summer and autumn. If it is damaged, it should be repaired and replaced in time.
4. Replacement repair at present, it is very common to replace planned preventive repair with replacement repair. Even some important parts that can be repaired are replaced every maintenance period, causing unnecessary economic losses. After the engine parts are identified, they should be divided into two groups. One group is that they can't be repaired at all because they have reached the repair limit, or they can be repaired but have no repair conditions, or the repair cost is too high, the time is too long, and the farming time is missed, then they should be replaced for repair. This is not scrapping, but replacing it with a new one first, and then replacing it after the old one is repaired. The other group can be repaired, and the cost is low. It should be repaired, not replaced. This repair method can not only greatly save the repair cost, but also improve the repair quality.
